Article: Alcohol and Drugs: How They Impact Sleep Apnea According to Peer-Reviewed Research

Apr 18, 2025

Alcohol and Drugs: How They Impact Sleep Apnea According to Peer-Reviewed Research

Q: Why Buy From US CPAP?

Why Choose Us Over the Competition? We stand out from the competition for several key reasons: Trusted Authorized Dealer: Manufacturer-Backed Warranty: Unbeatable Pricing: Expert Support: We are committed to providing high-quality CPAP equipment and exceptional service. Choose us for a seamless experience from purchase to post-sale care.

Q: Are you an Authorized ResMed Dealer?

Yes, we are an authorized ResMed dealer and have been for over 10 years. We purchase all our products directly from ResMed, guaranteeing that every item you receive is authentic and of the highest quality . Additionally, all ResMed products we sell come with lot numbers and/or serial numbers , providing full traceability and authenticity. Rest assured, every product is backed by the manufacturer’s warranty , giving you peace of mind with every purchase.

Q: Can I buy a CPAP machine without a prescription?

In the United States, under federal law , CPAP machines are classified as Class II medical devices by the FDA. As such, they require a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider for purchase. This classification is in place because CPAP therapy is considered a medical treatment that needs to be customized for each patient's condition and safety. A prescription ensures that your treatment is appropriate and monitored by a healthcare professional. Most suppliers, including USA Medical Supply, will not ship a CPAP machine without first receiving a valid prescription. You can submit your prescription through the following methods: Text : (413) 200-4191 Email : info@usamedicalsupply.com Fax : (413) 732-2238 This requirement ensures compliance with federal regulations and guarantees you receive the correct equipment and pressure settings.

Q: Differences Between CPAP, APAP, and BiLevel?

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) delivers a fixed pressure throughout the night. APAP (Auto-Adjusting Positive Airway Pressure) automatically adjusts pressure based on your breathing patterns. BiPAP (Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure) provides two different pressure levels — one for inhalation and a lower one for exhalation. BiPAP is typically recommended for users with specific needs or those who find CPAP uncomfortable.

Introduction

Sleep apnea, a condition affecting millions worldwide, disrupts breathing during sleep, leading to fragmented rest and serious health consequences like heart disease and stroke. For those managing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or central sleep apnea (CSA) with CPAP therapy, lifestyle factors play a critical role in treatment success. Among these, alcohol and drug use stand out as significant influencers, often worsening symptoms and complicating therapy. This blog dives into peer-reviewed research to uncover how these substances affect sleep apnea, offering practical guidance for CPAP users. With insights from USCPAP.com, we’ll explore strategies to enhance your sleep health while navigating these challenges.

Understanding Sleep Apnea: A Quick Recap

Sleep apnea comes in three main forms:

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): The most common type, caused by the relaxation of throat muscles, leading to airway obstruction.
Central Sleep Apnea (CSA): A rarer form where the brain fails to signal breathing muscles, resulting in pauses in respiration.
Complex Sleep Apnea: A combination of OSA and CSA, requiring specialized treatment.

Untreated sleep apnea increases risks of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and daytime fatigue. CPAP therapy, such as with ResMed’s AirSense 11 or AirMini, delivers pressurized air to keep airways open, but external factors like alcohol and drugs can undermine its effectiveness. Let’s examine what the research says.

Alcohol and Sleep Apnea: What Peer-Reviewed Studies Reveal

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant widely consumed in social settings, with 56% of U.S. adults reporting monthly use. While it may initially induce sleep, its effects on sleep apnea are detrimental, as confirmed by multiple studies.

1. Worsening Airway Obstruction

Alcohol relaxes muscles, including those in the throat and tongue, increasing the likelihood of airway collapse. A 2018 systematic review and meta-analysis found that alcohol consumption raises the risk of OSA by approximately 25%, with each additional drink per day increasing the odds of sleep-disordered breathing. This is particularly concerning for OSA patients, as relaxed airway muscles exacerbate obstructions, leading to more frequent apneas and hypopneas (partial blockages).

2. Impact on Breathing Parameters

A 2020 meta-analysis of 13 cohort studies showed that alcohol significantly increases the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) by 3.98 events per hour and decreases lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) by 2.72%. These changes indicate more severe breathing interruptions and reduced oxygen levels, heightening risks of cardiovascular complications. For snorers, alcohol intensifies snoring severity, further obstructing airways.

3. Prolonged Apnea Events

Alcohol impairs the brain’s ability to respond to breathing pauses. Normally, the brain detects rising carbon dioxide levels during an apnea and triggers arousal to restore breathing. Alcohol slows this response, prolonging apnea events. A 1982 study demonstrated that bedtime alcohol ingestion increases the severity of OSA, with longer and more frequent breathing pauses.

4. Disruption of Sleep Architecture

Beyond breathing, alcohol disrupts sleep stages. It suppresses rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, crucial for cognitive function, and increases fragmented sleep. A 2019 study noted that even moderate alcohol consumption (one drink for women, two for men) reduces sleep quality by 9%, with heavier drinking causing up to a 39% decline. For OSA patients, this compounds daytime fatigue, a common symptom.

5. Interaction with CPAP Therapy

A 2001 study investigated moderate alcohol intake (1.5 mL/kg body weight of vodka) in OSA patients using CPAP. While alcohol slightly increased arousals without CPAP, it had minimal impact on AHI or oxygen saturation when CPAP was used, suggesting that consistent CPAP use can mitigate some alcohol-related effects. However, CPAP users should remain cautious, as alcohol may still worsen symptoms in untreated or non-compliant cases.

Drugs and Sleep Apnea: Evidence from Research

Certain drugs, particularly sedatives and opioids, also exacerbate sleep apnea. Peer-reviewed studies highlight their impact on breathing and sleep quality.

1. Opioids and Respiratory Depression

Opioids, commonly prescribed for pain, are notorious for depressing respiratory drive. A 2015 Cochrane review found that opioids worsen sleep-disordered breathing in OSA patients, increasing the risk of CSA. Opioids slow the brain’s signaling to breathing muscles, leading to prolonged apneas. A 2019 study linked opioid use to accidental suffocation risks in sleep apnea patients, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring.

2. Benzodiazepines and Muscle Relaxation

Benzodiazepines, used for anxiety or sedation, act similarly to alcohol by relaxing muscles and slowing central nervous system activity. A 2013 study noted that these drugs can trigger or worsen OSA and CSA by reducing airway muscle tone and delaying arousal responses. For CPAP users, benzodiazepines may reduce therapy efficacy if not managed under medical supervision.

3. Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

For those with AUD, medications like naltrexone and nalmefene are used to reduce cravings. A 2019 systematic review found that these opioidergic drugs increase insomnia and somnolence, potentially worsening sleep apnea symptoms. In contrast, acamprosate appears better tolerated, with some evidence suggesting it improves sleep quality in AUD patients post-withdrawal.

4. Other Substances

Recreational drugs like marijuana and cocaine also disrupt sleep, though research on their specific impact on sleep apnea is limited. A 2016 study suggested that cannabis may reduce REM sleep, similar to alcohol, potentially aggravating OSA symptoms. More studies are needed to clarify these effects.

The Vicious Cycle: Alcohol, Drugs, and Sleep Apnea

Alcohol and drug use can create a feedback loop with sleep apnea. Poor sleep from apnea leads to daytime fatigue, prompting some to use alcohol or drugs as a sleep aid or coping mechanism. However, these substances worsen apnea, further disrupting sleep. A 2020 study found that OSA patients have a 1.486 times higher risk of developing alcohol-related disorders, highlighting this cycle. Breaking it requires addressing both substance use and sleep apnea concurrently.

Practical Tips for CPAP Users

Based on peer-reviewed evidence and expert recommendations, here are strategies to manage alcohol and drug use while optimizing CPAP therapy:

Limit Alcohol Intake: Avoid alcohol 3–4 hours before bedtime to minimize its impact on airway muscles and sleep quality. Stick to moderate consumption (one drink for women, two for men daily).
Consult Your Doctor: Discuss any medications, especially opioids or benzodiazepines, with your healthcare provider to assess their impact on sleep apnea.
Adhere to CPAP Therapy: Consistent use of devices like ResMed’s AirSense 11 or AirFit P30i masks can counteract some alcohol-related effects, as shown in studies. USCPAP.com offers a range of ResMed products to suit your needs.
Monitor Symptoms: If you notice increased snoring, fatigue, or breathing pauses after substance use, seek a sleep study or consult a specialist. ResMed’s NightOwl home sleep test, available through USCPAP.com, offers a convenient diagnostic option.
Address Substance Use: For those with AUD or drug dependency, seek professional help. Treating underlying substance issues can improve sleep apnea outcomes.
Optimize Sleep Hygiene: Maintain a consistent sleep schedule, avoid late-night eating, and create a restful bedroom environment to support CPAP therapy.

Why Choose USCPAP.com for Your Sleep Apnea Needs?

Navigating sleep apnea amidst alcohol or drug use requires reliable equipment and support. USCPAP.com provides:

Top-Tier ResMed Products: From the AirSense 11 AutoSet to the AirFit N30i mask, find devices designed for comfort and efficacy.
Flexible Payment Options: Use HSA/FSA cards or private insurance claim forms for affordability.
Expert Guidance: Access resources and customer support to optimize your CPAP therapy.
Home Sleep Testing: Explore ResMed’s NightOwl for convenient diagnosis, ensuring timely treatment.

By combining evidence-based lifestyle changes with quality CPAP equipment, you can mitigate the impact of alcohol and drugs on your sleep apnea.

Conclusion

Peer-reviewed research underscores that alcohol and drugs like opioids and benzodiazepines worsen sleep apnea by relaxing airway muscles, prolonging apneas, and disrupting sleep architecture. For CPAP users, these substances pose challenges but can be managed with moderation, consistent therapy, and professional guidance. USCPAP.com empowers you with the tools and knowledge to take control of your sleep health. By understanding the science and making informed choices, you can achieve restful, restorative sleep and reduce the risks associated with sleep apnea.

Ready to optimize your CPAP therapy? Visit USCPAP.com to explore ResMed’s latest devices, from the AirMini to the AirFit F30, and start your journey to better sleep today.

Bibliography

Simou E, Britton J, Leonardi-Bee J. Alcohol and the risk of sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med. 2018;42:38-46. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.12.005.
Burgos-Sanchez C, Jones NN, Avillion M, et al. Impact of alcohol consumption on snoring and sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;163(6):1078-1086. doi:10.1177/0194599820931087.
Scrima L, Broudy M, Nay KN. Increased severity of obstructive sleep apnea after bedtime alcohol ingestion: diagnostic potential and proposed mechanism of action. Sleep. 1982;5(4):318-328. doi:10.1093/sleep/5.4.318.
Kolla BP, Foroughi M, Saeidifard F, Chakravorty S, Wang Z, Mansukhani MP. The impact of alcohol on breathing parameters during sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;42:38-46. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.05.005.
Mason M, Cates CJ, Smith I. Effects of opioid, hypnotic and sedating medications on sleep-disordered breathing in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(7):CD011090. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011090.pub2.
Popovici I, French MT. Binge drinking and sleep problems among young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;132(1-2):207-215. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.001.
Angarita GA, Emadi N, Hodges S, Morgan PT. Sleep and the pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorder: unfortunate bedfellows. A systematic review with meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1164. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01164.
Wang Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, et al. Increased incidence of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related psychiatric disorders in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a nationwide cohort study. Sleep Med. 2023;101:162-177. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.017.

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Feel free to stop by anytime during these hours for your CPAP and medical supply needs!

Why Buy From US CPAP?

Why Choose Us Over the Competition?

We stand out from the competition for several key reasons:

Trusted Authorized Dealer:
Manufacturer-Backed Warranty:
Unbeatable Pricing:
Expert Support:

We are committed to providing high-quality CPAP equipment and exceptional service. Choose us for a seamless experience from purchase to post-sale care.

Are you an Authorized ResMed Dealer?

Yes, we are an authorized ResMed dealer and have been for over 10 years. We purchase all our products directly from ResMed, guaranteeing that every item you receive is authentic and of the highest quality. Additionally, all ResMed products we sell come with lot numbers and/or serial numbers, providing full traceability and authenticity.

Rest assured, every product is backed by the manufacturer’s warranty, giving you peace of mind with every purchase.

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Can I buy a CPAP machine without a prescription?

In the United States, under federal law, CPAP machines are classified as Class II medical devices by the FDA. As such, they require a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider for purchase. This classification is in place because CPAP therapy is considered a medical treatment that needs to be customized for each patient's condition and safety.

A prescription ensures that your treatment is appropriate and monitored by a healthcare professional. Most suppliers, including USA Medical Supply, will not ship a CPAP machine without first receiving a valid prescription. You can submit your prescription through the following methods:

Text: (413) 200-4191
Email: info@usamedicalsupply.com
Fax: (413) 732-2238

This requirement ensures compliance with federal regulations and guarantees you receive the correct equipment and pressure settings.

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Insurance billing using a Universal Claim Form (UCF) involves submitting a standardized document to your insurance provider to request reimbursement for medical expenses. However, it is not guaranteed that you will be reimbursed, and we are not implying that you will be. It is important to check with your insurance provider to understand your coverage and eligibility for reimbursement, especially for durable medical equipment (DME) like CPAP machines and supplies.

Here’s how the process typically works:

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The UCF is usually provided by your insurance company or available on their website. The form includes sections to detail the medical services or products you've received, such as CPAP supplies, and what you're seeking reimbursement for.

2. Complete the Form

Personal Information: Enter your personal details, including your name, insurance policy number, and contact information.
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Cost and Charges: Indicate the total cost, including what you've already paid out-of-pocket.

3. Attach Supporting Documentation

Receipts: Attach copies of receipts for the medical service or product you've purchased.
Prescription: If required, include a copy of the prescription from your healthcare provider for the CPAP equipment.
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4. Submit the Claim Form

Send the completed form and all supporting documentation to the address provided by your insurance company. Some insurers may allow you to submit the form electronically, while others may require it to be mailed.

5. Review and Processing

Once submitted, your insurance company will review the claim and determine the amount of reimbursement based on your policy’s coverage for durable medical equipment (DME), such as CPAP machines and supplies. The insurer may contact you or the supplier if more information is needed.

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After approval, the insurance company will send you a reimbursement check or direct deposit for the amount they cover, minus any deductibles or co-payments.

Things to Note:

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Please remember, reimbursement is not guaranteed. You need to verify all details with your insurance provider.

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Replacement Schedule for CPAP Supplies?

To maintain effective therapy, it’s essential to replace certain CPAP components regularly:

Mask Cushions: Every 1-3 months
Tubing: Every 6-12 months
Filters: Every 1-3 months
Headgear: Every 6 months These recommendations ensure your equipment stays in optimal condition and your therapy remains effective.

How to Clean and Maintain CPAP Equipment?

Cleaning your CPAP equipment regularly is crucial for effective therapy and hygiene:

CPAP Mask and Tubing: Wash weekly with warm water and mild detergent. Let it air dry completely before use.
Humidifier Chamber: Clean once a week with mild soap and warm water, and replace it every 6 months.
CPAP Machine Exterior: Wipe down weekly with a dry, non-abrasive cloth. Avoid using ozone-based cleaning devices as they may damage your machine and void warranties.

Differences Between CPAP, APAP, and BiLevel?

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) delivers a fixed pressure throughout the night.
APAP (Auto-Adjusting Positive Airway Pressure) automatically adjusts pressure based on your breathing patterns.
BiPAP (Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure) provides two different pressure levels — one for inhalation and a lower one for exhalation. BiPAP is typically recommended for users with specific needs or those who find CPAP uncomfortable.

How to Choose a CPAP Mask?

Choosing the right mask is key for comfort and therapy compliance:

Full Face Mask: Best for mouth breathers or those with nasal congestion.
Nasal Mask: Ideal for those who breathe through their nose and move around during sleep.
Nasal Pillow Mask: Great for users who prefer minimal contact with their face. If unsure, our customer support can guide you through finding the best option based on your preferences.

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CPAP machines are FAA-approved and can be carried as a medical device during air travel. We do Sell Travel Models.Our Travel Models are compact enough to use during flights. Consider investing in a portable battery for convenience if you frequently travel.

How Do Heated and Non-Heated Tubing Differ?

Heated Tubing: Helps prevent condensation buildup by maintaining consistent temperature from the humidifier to your airway. Also they have an anti-microbial effect by preventing condensation from building in the tubing.
Non-Heated Tubing: More affordable, lighter, and suitable if you don’t experience condensation issues. It’s compatible with most CPAP machines and masks.

What are the Signs of Sleep Apnea?

Common signs of sleep apnea include:

Loud snoring
Gasping or choking during sleep
Daytime fatigue
Morning headaches If you experience these symptoms, consult a healthcare provider for a sleep study to diagnose sleep apnea.

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How Do I Prevent Bloating or Excess Gas When Using CPAP?

If you experience bloating, elevate your head while sleeping to help reduce the swallowing of air. Persistent issues should be discussed with your doctor, who may recommend adjusting the pressure settings or trying a BiLevel machine.

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At USA Medical Supply, your satisfaction is our priority. Please read our return policy carefully to ensure a smooth return process.

Eligibility for Returns:

Products must be returned within 30 days of the purchase date.
Items must be unused, in the same condition you received them, and in the original packaging.
Certain products, including opened medical devices or personal care items, are non-returnable for health and safety reasons.

Return Process:

To initiate a return, please contact our customer service at (413) 733-7843 or email us at info@usamedicalsupply.com.
Once your return request is approved, we will provide a return shipping label if applicable.
Please package the item securely and include your proof of purchase.

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